Intercorrências no uso da toxina botulínica na estética facial

Abstract

Botulinum toxin (BT), produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, is a potent neurotoxin that inhibits the release of acetylcholine at nerve endings, leading to muscle relaxation. Initially, it was used to treat strabismus and spasms, but it has been widely applied in aesthetics since its approval by ANVISA in 2000, helping to smooth wrinkles and correct facial asymmetries. This study aimed to identify the main complications associated with the use of botulinum toxin in facial procedures. A literature review was conducted using the databases Google Scholar, PubMed, and SciELO, with searches spanning the last 10 years. Keywords used included "Aesthetics," "Facial," "Clostridium botulinum," "Type A Botulinum Toxins," and "Neurotoxins," in both Portuguese and English. Among the main complications found were ptosis, edema, hematoma, headache, ecchymosis, diplopia, allergic reactions, and functional alterations. To minimize these risks, it is essential to strictly adhere to all recommended protocols, guidelines, indications, and dosages. It is crucial for professionals to be well-trained to reduce complications.