Comunidade pesqueira no contexto desenvolvimentista neoextrativista: um estudo exploratório sobre as repercussões socioambientais pós desastre-crime da Samarco-Vale-BHP Billinton (2015) na Barra do Jucu (Espírito Santo, Brasil)

Abstract

This research explores, in an exploratory manner, the socio-environmental repercussions of the disaster-crime involving the mining conglomerate companies Samarco, BHP Billiton, and Vale, which occurred in 2015 in the locality of Barra do Jucu (Espírito Santo), considering the context of the neo-extractivist developmental model in Brazil. The study focuses on the fishing community of this neighborhood in Vila Velha, with particular attention to the transformations experienced following the collapse of the Fundão dam. The research seeks to identify the impacts of the disaster through memories shared by community members, collected via individual interviews and discussion circles, as well as through contamination reports and studies on soil, fauna, vegetation, water, and land. The first chapter addresses the concept of neoextractivism, its rise in Brazil, and its influence on the mineral production chain in Espírito Santo. The second chapter presents the methodological framework of the study, along with a characterization of the territory of Barra do Jucu, drawing from both historical literature on the neighborhood and the historical narratives evoked during the discussion circles. The final chapter presents an analysis of the transcribed interviews, using analytical categories to identify the challenges raised in the face of the disastercrime scenario. The objective of this research is to contribute to the debate and reflection on the socio-environmental transformations triggered by neo-extractivism in the Global South, emphasizing its consequences for traditional communities and the need for public policies that promote environmental justice. In the specific case of Barra do Jucu, one of the resilience strategies developed in response to the territorial transformations recalled by the local fishing community is the creation of the Association of Traditional Fishers of Barra do Jucu.