Diabetes tipo 1 e nutrição comportamental: um novo olhar para o tratamento

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune condition that requires strict management to prevent complications and ensure quality of life. Despite the effectiveness of insulin therapy, many patients face challenges in treatment adherence due to emotional, psychological, and behavioral barriers. This study analyzed the contribution of behavioral nutrition to therapeutic adherence and quality of life in adults with T1DM. A total of 46 participants, with a mean age of 31 years, were recruited through social media and support groups. Participants were categorized into three groups according to the nutritional approach received: traditional, intermediate, and behavioral. Data were collected through an online questionnaire containing 46 Likert-scale items, addressing eating behavior, emotional perception, and satisfaction with treatment. Statistical analysis included descriptive methods, ANOVA, and Tukey’s post-hoc test. The results showed that participants in the behavioral approach group reported higher satisfaction scores (22.1) and lower scores for impact (20.9) and concerns (25.7), with statistical significance (p < 0.005). Techniques such as active listening, mindfulness, intuitive eating, and motivational interviewing proved effective in promoting self-care, reducing emotional conflicts with food, and improving overall well-being. It is concluded that behavioral nutrition is a valuable tool for more humanized interventions, supporting individualized care and improving treatment adherence in people with T1DM.